4/4/ · Abstract for Lab Report Example Below is an sample of how to write an abstract for a lab report in chemistry (or rather biochemistry) within typical word count limits: “Enzymes have paramount importance in ensuring high reaction rates in strictly controlled conditions within the internal environment of an organism 3/1/ · The purpose of the abstract is to report the original contributions of your research, so avoid discussion of others’ work, even if you address it at length in the main text. You might include a sentence or two summarising the scholarly background to situate your research and show its relevance to a broader debate, but there’s no need to mention specific publications Sample Abstract 4, a Structured Abstract From the sciences Reporting results about the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in managing acute bacterial sinusitis, from a rigorously controlled study
Writing an Abstract for Your Research Paper – The Writing Center – UW–Madison
An abstract is a summary of a body of information. Sometimes, abstracts are in fact called summaries—sometimes, executive summaries or executive abstracts.
The business and scientific worlds define different types of abstracts according to their needs. If you are taking a technical writing course based on this online textbook, your technical report depending on your instructor may use two types: the descriptive abstract and the informative abstract. See examples of abstracts as they occur within technical reports. The descriptive abstract provides a description of the report's main topic and purpose as well an overview of its contents.
As you can see from the exampleit is very short—usually a brief one- or two-sentence paragraph. In this report design, it appears on the title page. You may have noticed something similar to this type of abstract at the beginning of journal articles. In this type of abstract, you don't summarize any of the facts or conclusions of the report. The descriptive abstract does not say something like this:. Problem: Based on an exhaustive review of currently available products, this report concludes that none of the available grammar-checking software products provides any useful function to writers.
This is the style of summarizing you find in the informative abstract. Instead, the descriptive abstract says something like this:. Revision: This report provides conclusions and recommendations on the grammar-checking software that is currently available. The descriptive abstract is little like a program teaser. Or, to use a different analogy, it is as if the major first-level headings of the table of contents have been rewritten in paragraph format.
Descriptive abstract on report title page. The informative abstract, as its name implies, provides information from the body of the report—specifically, the key facts and conclusions. To put it another way, this type of abstract summarizes the key information from every major section in the body of the report. It is as if someone had taken a yellow marker and highlighted all the key points in the body of the report then vaccuumed them up into a one- or two-page document.
Of course, abstract example for report some editing and rewriting would be necessary to make the abstract readable. Specifically, the requirements for the informative abstract are as follows:. This last point is particularly important. People often confuse the kinds of writing expected in descriptive and informative abstracts. Study the abstract example for report between the informative and descriptive phrasing in the following examples:, abstract example for report.
Informative: Based on an exhaustive review of currently available products, abstract example for report, this report concludes that none of the available grammar-checking software products provides any useful function to writers. Descriptive: This report provides conclusions and recommendations on the grammar-checking software that is currently available.
Informative abstract, abstract example for report. This type summarizes the key facts and conclusions in the body of the report. By the way, speech recognition has come a long way since this report was written in ! The executive summary is a hybrid of the descriptive and informative summaries. Written for executives whose focus is business decisions and whose background is not necessarily technical, it focuses on conclusions and recommendations but provides little background, theory, results, or other such detail.
It doesn't summarize research theory or method; it makes descriptive-summary statements: for example, "theory of heat gain, abstract example for report, loss, and storage is also discussed. I would appreciate your thoughts, reactions, criticism regarding this chapter: your response — David McMurrey.
ABSTRACT Computerized speech recognition takes advantage of the most natural form of communication, the human voice. During speech, sound is generated by the vocal cords and by air rushing from the lungs. If the vocal cords vibrate, a voiced sound is produced; otherwise, the sound is unvoiced. The main problem in speech recognition is that no two voices produce their sounds alike and that an individual voice varies in different conditions.
Because voices do vary and because words blend together in a continuous stream in natural speech, most recognition systems require that each speaker train the machine to his or her voice and that words have at least one-tenth of a second pause between them. Such a system is called an isolated word recognition system and consists of three major components that process human speech: 1 the preprocessor which removes irregularities from the speech signal and then breaks it up into parts; 2 the feature extractor which extracts 32 key features from the signal; and 3 the classification phase which identifies the spoken word and includes the training mode and reference pattern memory.
Spoken words are identified on the abstract example for report of a certain decision algorithm, some of which involve dynamic programming, zero crossing rate, linear predictive abstract example for report, and the use of a state diagram. Voice recognition systems offer many applications including data entry, freedom for mobility, security uses, telephone access, and helpful devices for the handicapped.
However, these same systems also face problems such as poor recognition accuracy, loss of privacy among those who use them, and limited vocabulary sizes. The goal of the industry is the development of speaker-independent systems that can recognize continuous human speech regardless of the speaker and that can continually improve their vocabulary size and recognition accuracy. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Rural Health Clinics: Requirements The most important needs of rural health clinics, which require energy resources, are as follows: Refrigeration, abstract example for report.
Absorption refrigeration, fueled by propane or kerosene and common at unelectrified health clinics, is vulnerable to interruption and is thus inadequate for the vaccines needed in immunization programs for dangerous diseases including polio, diptheria, tetanus, abstract example for report, pertussis, tuberculosis, measles, yellow fever, and Hepatitus B.
Instead, compression-type refrigerators powered by or volt storage batteries and recharged by photovoltaic panels or a small wind turbine can meet these needs. Instead of kerosene lighting, common in unelectrified communities and a known safety hazard and contributor to poor indoor air quality as well, renewable energy technologies can improve lighting in rural health clinics for such important functions as emergency treatment, birthing, maternity care, surgery, and administrative tasks.
Health care services and emergency medical treatment, in particular, are greatly facilitated with reliable radio and radio-telephone communications to other health clinics and facilities in the region. Rural abstract example for report clinics can have reliable two-way regional communication via VHF radio with electricity provided by a single W PV module. Medical appliances.
Small medical appliances that operate on volt AC electricity require an inverter, which is easily incorporated into wind- or solar-based systems. Although photovoltaic systems can provide the electricity needed for the high temperatures, approximately °C °F needed in sterilization, solar thermal collector systems can produce high temperatures at a lower cost, especially in areas with good solar insolation.
Solar and wind power can be used to generate high abstract example for report of potable water in tandem with techniques such as ozone treatment, reverse osmosis, photochemical treatment, also known as ultraviolet or UV, disinfection and carbon filters, abstract example for report.
Ozone treatment is very suitable to solar- or wind-generated power requiring only 0. Clean water can also be provided from deep wells but requires an energy source for pumping significant volumes.
Solar or wind power or both generated on site can economically meet the broad range of these needs.
Writing an Abstract for your Research Paper
, time: 8:54Writing Report Abstracts // Purdue Writing Lab
Original Sample Abstract for a Project. College or high school level research might be on a lower level than a professional paper. View this original abstract for a high school research project on sleep to see how it is still effective. This research paper analyzes the correlation that exists between sleep and high school student performance in class 4/4/ · Abstract for Lab Report Example Below is an sample of how to write an abstract for a lab report in chemistry (or rather biochemistry) within typical word count limits: “Enzymes have paramount importance in ensuring high reaction rates in strictly controlled conditions within the internal environment of an organism Sample Abstract 4, a Structured Abstract From the sciences Reporting results about the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in managing acute bacterial sinusitis, from a rigorously controlled study
No comments:
Post a Comment